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What (who) is hash functions - definition
FAMILY OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTIONS
Secure Hash Algorithm family; SHA family; Secure Hash Standard; SHA family hash functions; Secure hash algorithm; Secure hash functions; Secure hash algorithms; Sha hash; SHA hash functions; SHA hash; Secure Hash Algorithm (disambiguation); Secure Hash Algorithm (Police); Secure Hash Algorithm; Comparison of SHA functions
one-way hash function
SPECIAL CLASS OF HASH FUNCTION THAT HAS CERTAIN PROPERTIES WHICH MAKE IT SUITABLE FOR USE IN CRYPTOGRAPHY
Message digest; Cryptographic hash; Cryptographic message digest; One-way hash; Modification Detection Code; Cryptographic hash functions; Hash function (cryptography); One-way hash function; CRHF; Secure hash function; One way encryption; Numerical hash; Cryptograhic hash; Cryptographic hash value; Cryptographic Hash Function; Cryptographic one-way hash function; Message-digest; Message-digest algorithm; Sphincter hash; Terahash; Cryptographic hashing; Wide pipe; Wide pipe hash; Wide pipe design; Wide pipe construction; Wide-pipe; Widepipe; Narrowpipe; Narrow-pipe; Narrow pipe; Applications of cryptographic hash functions; Cryptographic hashes; Hash (cryptography)
<algorithm> (Or "message digest function") A {one-way
function} which takes a variable-length message and produces a
fixed-length hash. Given the hash it is computationally
infeasible to find a message with that hash; in fact one can't
determine any usable information about a message with that
hash, not even a single bit. For some one-way hash functions
it's also computationally impossible to determine two messages
which produce the same hash.
A one-way hash function can be private or public, just like an
encryption function. MD5, SHA and Snefru are examples of
public one-way hash functions.
A public one-way hash function can be used to speed up a
public-key digital signature system. Rather than sign a
long message, which can take a long time, compute the one-way
hash of the message, and sign the hash.
{sci.crypt FAQ
(ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/usenet-by-group/sci.crypt/) }.
(2001-05-10)
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
WIKIMEDIA LIST ARTICLE
Comparison of hash functions
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information.
List of hash functions
WIKIMEDIA LIST ARTICLE
List of checksum algorithms; List of checksum; List checksum; List of checksums; List of hashes; List hashes; CityHash; City Hash; City hash; Cityhash; CityHash64; CityHash128; City.cc; Non-cryptographic hash functions; XxHash; List of keyed cryptographic hash functions; List of unkeyed cryptographic hash functions
This is a list of hash functions, including cyclic redundancy checks, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash functions.
Wikipedia
Secure Hash Algorithms
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including:
- SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA". It was withdrawn shortly after publication due to an undisclosed "significant flaw" and replaced by the slightly revised version SHA-1.
- SHA-1: A 160-bit hash function which resembles the earlier MD5 algorithm. This was designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) to be part of the Digital Signature Algorithm. Cryptographic weaknesses were discovered in SHA-1, and the standard was no longer approved for most cryptographic uses after 2010.
- SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
- SHA-3: A hash function formerly called Keccak, chosen in 2012 after a public competition among non-NSA designers. It supports the same hash lengths as SHA-2, and its internal structure differs significantly from the rest of the SHA family.
The corresponding standards are FIPS PUB 180 (original SHA), FIPS PUB 180-1 (SHA-1), FIPS PUB 180-2 (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512). NIST has updated Draft FIPS Publication 202, SHA-3 Standard separate from the Secure Hash Standard (SHS).
